If you looked back at the S&L crisis, sharp investors like Gerald Ford managed to make huge returns by acquiring the carcasses of failed banks, infusing them with capital, and picking off credits from weaker banks in their geography. Ford himself made over $1B personally with his Golden State bank deal.
Now, it appears as if other investors (including J.C. Flowers, Paulson & Co, MSD Capital, and Soros) are seeing the attractiveness in acquiring failed banks:
Of the 140 banks closed by the government this year, private investors have acquired only two outright—IndyMac and Florida’s BankUnited. Private equity investors argue that they should play a bigger role, as their funds’ billions in unspent capital could bolster the banking system.
Part of the test will be how well OneWest works with financially troubled homeowners, especially under the Obama administration’s loan-modification programs.
OneWest is already generating hefty profits. For the six months ended Sept. 30th, it posted net operating income of about $700 million, according to filings with the FDIC. In 2007 IndyMac, saddled by troubled mortgages, posted a $614 million loss.
During the FDIC’s roughly eight-month control of IndyMac before selling it, the agency cleansed the bank of some of its bad loans through asset sales and write-downs, shrinking it by about 27%, according to filings. It also reduced the bank’s headcount by about 45%.
The FDIC also agreed to share in losses with the ownership group in both the IndyMac and First Federal deals.
OneWest’s improved performance allowed it to bid aggressively for First Federal. The owners didn’t invest additional money to acquire the bank’s assets; rather, the money came from cash on OneWest’s balance sheet.
OneWest paid $401 million, or a 6.6% premium, for First Federal’s assets, according to FDIC documents. That makes it among the first FDIC-arranged deals in which a premium was paid for a failed bank’s assets—many are sold at a discount to their assets.
Investors Reshape IndyMac (WSJ)
It is difficult to throw a dart at the board and scoop up good banks, especially smaller, more regional banks. Many of these banks have not properly written down the value of CRE loans on their books. Still, some banks are poised to do well. The ones that are now overcapitalized and acquiring the assets of failed banks should offer opportunity for investors. A lot of this depends on good stock picking, you need to look at the quality of their loans, what they are acquiring (and the deal terms), and also the quality of their management teams. You need to seek out bankers who are disciplined but enterprising enough to enter the fray and take market share. This requires more effort than simply picking up an ETF, but it should be rewarding.